What’s Hip Dysplasia In Dogs
Radiographs (X-rays) of a normal dog's pelvis and hips. The head
of the femur (arrow) is seated deeply within the acetabulum,
indicating excellent hip joint congruity. (Above picture reference from vethospital.tamu.edu)
It’s an abnormal development and
growth of a dog’s hip joints, where commonly known as “Ball & Socket” in
its more severe form which eventually leads to canines crippling, lameness and
extremely painful. This will cause further development of osteoarthritis of the
joints.
Hip Dysplasia (HD) is unfortunately
found in almost all breeds, particularly the larger breeds. HD is a hereditary
developmental disease and the most common cause of arthritis of the hips.
The severity of HD differs from a
slight abnormality to a very severe condition e.g. ball-socket dislocation.
X-rays of a mature dog with degenerative joint disease
secondary to chronic hip dysplasia. The head of the femur (arrow) and
acetabulum are severely arthritic, as evidenced by the flattened femoral head,
thickened femoral neck, numerous osteophytes, and shallow, sclerotic
acetabulum. (Above picture reference from vethospital.tamu.edu)
No one could tell visually whether a
puppy would develop HD at the early stages. Normally a dysplastic dog was born
with normal hip joints, not until they undergo changes as the dogs mature.
Having said the cause is hereditary, HD can be made worse and affected by
environmental factors. Commonly known factors are rapid growth due to
overfeeding and excessive exercises.
How can we reduce the chances of HD
to a minimum? X-ray diagnosis, strict breeding regulations and breeding records
would help to minimise the incidence of HD.
Different countries have
different scales for reporting the results of veterinary examination of X-rays
|
FCI
A1
A2
B1
B2
C
D
E
|
OFA
Excellent
Good
Fair
Borderline
Mild
Moderate
Severe
|
BVA
0-4 (no score - <3/hip)
5-10 (no score-<6/hip)
11-18
19-25
26-35
36-50
51-106
|
Note: Not
all FCI countries divide A and B into A1,A2, B1, B2
Hip Dysplasia by Breed (Statistics)
Below Research and Studies carried out by Othopedic Foundation For Animal
Breeds having at least 100 evaluations January 1974 through December 2013
| |
All Data |
Born 2006-2010 |
| Breed |
Rank |
Number of Evaluations |
Percent Excellent |
Percent Dysplastic |
Number Evaluations |
Percent Excellent |
Percent Dysplastic |
| BULLDOG |
1 |
564 |
.4 |
71.6 |
98 |
1.0 |
61.2 |
| PUG |
2 |
527 |
.0 |
68.1 |
101 |
.0 |
80.2 |
| DOGUE DE BORDEAUX |
3 |
463 |
1.1 |
56.8 |
123 |
2.4 |
60.2 |
| OTTERHOUND |
4 |
409 |
.2 |
50.1 |
73 |
1.4 |
37.0 |
| BOERBOEL |
5 |
147 |
6.8 |
47.6 |
73 |
6.8 |
46.6 |
| ST. BERNARD |
6 |
2145 |
4.2 |
46.9 |
118 |
2.5 |
50.8 |
| NEAPOLITAN MASTIFF |
7 |
158 |
2.5 |
46.8 |
15 |
6.7 |
46.7 |
| CLUMBER SPANIEL |
8 |
928 |
3.0 |
44.0 |
189 |
4.2 |
36.0 |
| BLACK RUSSIAN TERRIER |
9 |
560 |
3.8 |
43.2 |
221 |
4.1 |
40.3 |
| SUSSEX SPANIEL |
10 |
273 |
1.5 |
39.9 |
26 |
7.7 |
30.8 |
| CANE CORSO |
11 |
876 |
6.8 |
39.0 |
231 |
6.9 |
38.1 |
| ARGENTINE DOGO |
12 |
210 |
3.3 |
38.1 |
38 |
2.6 |
36.8 |
| BASSET HOUND |
13 |
201 |
.0 |
37.3 |
5 |
.0 |
20.0 |
| PERRO DE PRESA CANARIO |
14 |
199 |
5.0 |
34.7 |
43 |
7.0 |
41.9 |
| NORFOLK TERRIER |
15 |
301 |
.0 |
32.9 |
68 |
.0 |
36.8 |
| AMERICAN BULLDOG |
16 |
1825 |
4.9 |
32.9 |
285 |
5.3 |
32.6 |
| BOYKIN SPANIEL |
17 |
3283 |
2.4 |
32.4 |
807 |
5.0 |
21.2 |
| GLEN OF IMAAL TERRIER |
18 |
174 |
.6 |
30.5 |
57 |
.0 |
28.1 |
| FILA BRASILEIRO |
19 |
599 |
7.5 |
30.1 |
12 |
8.3 |
66.7 |
| FRENCH BULLDOG |
20 |
1180 |
2.0 |
28.6 |
451 |
2.2 |
22.6 |
| SPANISH WATER DOG |
21 |
126 |
6.3 |
28.6 |
42 |
7.1 |
26.2 |
| LAGOTTO ROMAGNOLO |
22 |
151 |
7.9 |
27.8 |
88 |
8.0 |
25.0 |
| AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER |
23 |
3020 |
2.4 |
26.0 |
293 |
4.4 |
22.9 |
| BLOODHOUND |
24 |
2875 |
2.8 |
25.6 |
269 |
4.8 |
19.0 |
| NEWFOUNDLAND |
25 |
15501 |
8.6 |
25.0 |
1623 |
15.5 |
20.0 |
| MAINE COON CAT |
26 |
1110 |
4.1 |
24.4 |
95 |
3.2 |
29.5 |
| AMERICAN PIT BULL TERRIER |
27 |
775 |
5.8 |
24.3 |
92 |
5.4 |
23.9 |
| BERGER PICARD |
28 |
111 |
5.4 |
24.3 |
77 |
3.9 |
24.7 |
| BULLMASTIFF |
29 |
5654 |
3.9 |
24.2 |
648 |
5.9 |
20.1 |
| LOUISIANA CATAHOULA LEOPARD |
30 |
584 |
12.0 |
21.6 |
132 |
22.7 |
12.9 |
| ENGLISH SHEPHERD |
31 |
378 |
11.1 |
21.4 |
104 |
20.2 |
13.5 |
| CARDIGAN WELSH CORGI |
32 |
1997 |
3.2 |
20.4 |
441 |
1.6 |
21.1 |
| ROTTWEILER |
33 |
94253 |
8.4 |
20.2 |
4562 |
14.3 |
15.0 |
| CHESAPEAKE BAY RETRIEVER |
34 |
12947 |
12.5 |
20.2 |
1155 |
20.3 |
13.2 |
| GOLDEN RETRIEVER |
35 |
136408 |
4.3 |
19.5 |
12737 |
9.0 |
13.1 |
| MASTIFF |
36 |
11016 |
7.9 |
19.4 |
1286 |
10.5 |
17.2 |
| NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND |
37 |
3884 |
7.5 |
19.4 |
278 |
15.1 |
14.4 |
| SHIH TZU |
38 |
631 |
1.9 |
19.3 |
24 |
.0 |
12.5 |
| CHOW CHOW |
39 |
5353 |
7.3 |
19.2 |
336 |
14.9 |
16.7 |
| GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG |
40 |
107698 |
4.0 |
19.0 |
9936 |
7.2 |
17.8 |
| GORDON SETTER |
41 |
6154 |
9.0 |
19.0 |
437 |
19.7 |
10.1 |
| PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI |
42 |
11298 |
3.1 |
18.8 |
1467 |
3.3 |
17.9 |
| PYRENEAN SHEPHERD |
43 |
135 |
4.4 |
18.5 |
36 |
5.6 |
11.1 |
| OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG |
44 |
10779 |
11.9 |
18.4 |
523 |
22.0 |
9.8 |
| ICELANDIC SHEEPDOG |
45 |
303 |
12.2 |
18.2 |
113 |
16.8 |
16.8 |
| HYBRID |
46 |
1522 |
8.9 |
18.0 |
639 |
9.2 |
16.0 |
| GREATER SWISS MOUNTAIN DOG |
47 |
2804 |
13.9 |
18.0 |
599 |
24.5 |
12.0 |
| FIELD SPANIEL |
48 |
1066 |
9.2 |
17.8 |
230 |
12.6 |
11.7 |
| KUVASZ |
49 |
1774 |
14.3 |
17.8 |
137 |
31.4 |
8.8 |
| BEAGLE |
50 |
919 |
2.6 |
17.8 |
173 |
2.9 |
13.9 |
| GIANT SCHNAUZER |
51 |
4431 |
10.1 |
17.7 |
298 |
16.1 |
11.4 |
| CHINOOK |
52 |
688 |
9.9 |
17.3 |
190 |
16.8 |
12.1 |
| SHILOH SHEPHERD |
53 |
834 |
9.1 |
17.0 |
254 |
13.4 |
8.3 |
| STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER |
54 |
601 |
1.8 |
17.0 |
116 |
2.6 |
11.2 |
| AFFENPINSCHER |
55 |
315 |
4.1 |
16.8 |
75 |
5.3 |
14.7 |
| WELSH TERRIER |
56 |
115 |
5.2 |
16.5 |
23 |
.0 |
34.8 |
| HAVANA SILK DOG |
57 |
196 |
2.0 |
16.3 |
98 |
4.1 |
8.2 |
| ENGLISH SETTER |
58 |
10590 |
10.6 |
15.9 |
1100 |
20.7 |
9.5 |
| SPINONE ITALIANO |
59 |
1224 |
18.1 |
15.9 |
260 |
26.9 |
15.0 |
| EPAGNEUL BRETON |
60 |
159 |
5.0 |
15.7 |
77 |
5.2 |
13.0 |
| BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG |
61 |
18180 |
13.9 |
15.7 |
3840 |
20.8 |
12.0 |
| ENTLEBUCHER |
62 |
321 |
4.4 |
15.6 |
64 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
| AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG |
63 |
3642 |
4.7 |
15.4 |
596 |
5.2 |
13.3 |
| POLISH LOWLAND SHEEPDOG |
64 |
513 |
9.4 |
15.2 |
92 |
15.2 |
10.9 |
| CURLY-COATED RETRIEVER |
65 |
1176 |
8.6 |
15.1 |
132 |
15.9 |
9.1 |
| BOUVIER DES FLANDRES |
66 |
8271 |
6.2 |
15.0 |
681 |
12.8 |
9.5 |
| HARRIER |
67 |
331 |
8.8 |
14.8 |
46 |
6.5 |
4.3 |
| TIBETAN MASTIFF |
68 |
984 |
8.0 |
14.8 |
178 |
10.7 |
14.0 |
| BRITTANY |
69 |
18524 |
8.9 |
14.4 |
1767 |
13.6 |
8.0 |
| BLACK AND TAN COONHOUND |
70 |
710 |
10.3 |
14.4 |
64 |
17.2 |
7.8 |
| LEONBERGER |
71 |
1778 |
20.1 |
14.2 |
357 |
23.5 |
9.8 |
| LABRADOODLE |
72 |
288 |
10.1 |
14.2 |
198 |
11.1 |
14.1 |
| BRIARD |
73 |
2462 |
13.2 |
14.1 |
305 |
19.0 |
8.2 |
| BEAUCERON |
74 |
411 |
14.6 |
13.4 |
93 |
14.0 |
11.8 |
| CHINESE SHAR-PEI |
75 |
9654 |
9.2 |
13.2 |
436 |
12.8 |
7.6 |
| NORWICH TERRIER |
76 |
873 |
6.6 |
13.1 |
346 |
7.2 |
11.3 |
| AKITA |
77 |
16404 |
19.1 |
12.8 |
877 |
35.0 |
5.1 |
| ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIEL |
78 |
15165 |
9.0 |
12.8 |
1797 |
12.6 |
8.1 |
| CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL |
79 |
6575 |
4.0 |
12.5 |
1478 |
4.3 |
11.2 |
| PORTUGUESE WATER DOG |
80 |
8187 |
14.3 |
12.5 |
1637 |
20.5 |
8.9 |
| KOMONDOR |
81 |
983 |
12.6 |
12.3 |
57 |
31.6 |
14.0 |
| GREAT DANE |
82 |
12927 |
11.6 |
12.0 |
1659 |
14.0 |
10.1 |
| SMOOTH FOX TERRIER |
83 |
353 |
7.9 |
11.9 |
69 |
8.7 |
14.5 |
| PUDELPOINTER |
84 |
437 |
14.4 |
11.9 |
81 |
22.2 |
3.7 |
| POODLE |
85 |
23702 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
3445 |
16.7 |
8.5 |
| WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER |
86 |
336 |
2.7 |
11.9 |
131 |
4.6 |
12.2 |
| IRISH SETTER |
87 |
11415 |
9.3 |
11.8 |
735 |
18.2 |
6.4 |
| IRISH WATER SPANIEL |
88 |
1346 |
17.4 |
11.7 |
167 |
18.0 |
7.8 |
| LABRADOR RETRIEVER |
89 |
233012 |
18.4 |
11.7 |
25415 |
25.6 |
7.9 |
| BOSTON TERRIER |
90 |
222 |
7.2 |
11.7 |
52 |
9.6 |
7.7 |
| ALASKAN MALAMUTE |
91 |
14006 |
17.0 |
11.4 |
792 |
24.5 |
7.7 |
| AIREDALE TERRIER |
92 |
6032 |
7.3 |
11.3 |
564 |
8.9 |
9.0 |
| WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL |
93 |
2050 |
15.6 |
11.3 |
352 |
21.9 |
5.1 |
| BOXER |
94 |
5537 |
3.6 |
11.0 |
726 |
5.2 |
9.4 |
| SAMOYED |
95 |
16230 |
10.7 |
10.9 |
1279 |
19.0 |
7.1 |
| POMERANIAN |
96 |
101 |
9.9 |
10.9 |
18 |
11.1 |
22.2 |
| PETIT BASSET GRIFFON VENDEEN |
97 |
726 |
4.3 |
10.9 |
107 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
| BORDER COLLIE |
98 |
11539 |
13.2 |
10.6 |
2252 |
17.3 |
7.9 |
| FINNISH LAPPHUND |
99 |
185 |
10.8 |
10.3 |
71 |
12.7 |
4.2 |
| PULI |
100 |
1766 |
16.8 |
10.2 |
91 |
30.8 |
6.6 |
| ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD |
101 |
1857 |
18.1 |
10.2 |
327 |
19.3 |
8.6 |
| HAVANESE |
102 |
3419 |
9.2 |
10.0 |
1302 |
10.4 |
6.0 |
| TIBETAN SPANIEL |
103 |
345 |
7.0 |
9.9 |
38 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
| WIREHAIRED VIZSLA |
104 |
131 |
11.5 |
9.9 |
62 |
12.9 |
4.8 |
| SWEDISH VALLHUND |
105 |
251 |
5.6 |
9.6 |
87 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
| AKBASH DOG |
106 |
544 |
24.3 |
9.6 |
43 |
34.9 |
9.3 |
| AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG |
107 |
1036 |
9.0 |
9.6 |
132 |
16.7 |
11.4 |
| NORWEGIAN BUHUND |
108 |
203 |
11.8 |
9.4 |
49 |
16.3 |
2.0 |
| CAIRN TERRIER |
109 |
108 |
2.8 |
9.3 |
18 |
.0 |
11.1 |
| GREAT PYRENEES |
110 |
6008 |
14.4 |
9.1 |
427 |
17.1 |
8.2 |
| GERMAN WIREHAIRED POINTER |
111 |
4178 |
16.6 |
9.0 |
464 |
21.6 |
6.3 |
| DUTCH SHEPHERD |
112 |
234 |
16.7 |
9.0 |
68 |
13.2 |
11.8 |
| COTON DE TULEAR |
113 |
753 |
9.0 |
8.9 |
225 |
10.2 |
6.2 |
| AUSTRALIAN KELPIE |
114 |
126 |
10.3 |
8.7 |
21 |
23.8 |
19.0 |
| WEIMARANER |
115 |
12184 |
21.3 |
8.4 |
1049 |
28.7 |
5.1 |
| STANDARD SCHNAUZER |
116 |
4283 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
463 |
11.4 |
5.0 |
| SMALL MUNSTERLANDER |
117 |
157 |
14.6 |
8.3 |
45 |
17.8 |
2.2 |
| MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD |
118 |
1563 |
17.0 |
8.1 |
817 |
18.4 |
7.0 |
| WIREHAIRED POINTING GRIFFON |
119 |
2104 |
20.3 |
8.0 |
363 |
19.3 |
7.4 |
| DACHSHUND |
120 |
100 |
13.0 |
8.0 |
19 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
| POINTER |
121 |
1615 |
14.0 |
7.8 |
241 |
21.6 |
5.4 |
| AMERICAN WATER SPANIEL |
122 |
766 |
10.2 |
7.6 |
76 |
17.1 |
3.9 |
| FRENCH SPANIEL |
123 |
181 |
18.8 |
7.2 |
38 |
13.2 |
2.6 |
| BICHON FRISE |
124 |
3613 |
11.6 |
7.1 |
483 |
14.7 |
8.1 |
| VIZSLA |
125 |
13985 |
16.9 |
6.9 |
1891 |
21.5 |
4.4 |
| YORKSHIRE TERRIER |
126 |
103 |
35.0 |
6.8 |
29 |
34.5 |
6.9 |
| SCHIPPERKE |
127 |
465 |
9.7 |
6.7 |
63 |
11.1 |
12.7 |
| BULL TERRIER |
128 |
106 |
11.3 |
6.6 |
0 |
.0 |
.0 |
| COCKER SPANIEL |
129 |
13264 |
10.8 |
6.5 |
1458 |
13.2 |
5.3 |
| NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING RET. |
130 |
1987 |
18.5 |
6.4 |
532 |
27.4 |
3.9 |
| LHASA APSO |
131 |
814 |
14.7 |
6.4 |
6 |
83.3 |
.0 |
| KEESHOND |
132 |
4795 |
9.1 |
6.4 |
477 |
14.7 |
4.2 |
| DOBERMAN PINSCHER |
133 |
15761 |
18.0 |
6.1 |
1662 |
19.2 |
5.0 |
| BEARDED COLLIE |
134 |
4542 |
16.6 |
5.9 |
414 |
27.5 |
2.7 |
| AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD |
135 |
32843 |
16.6 |
5.8 |
4791 |
21.5 |
4.5 |
| AFGHAN HOUND |
136 |
6799 |
29.8 |
5.7 |
398 |
38.4 |
3.5 |
| ENGLISH COCKER SPANIEL |
137 |
7039 |
19.0 |
5.7 |
763 |
29.1 |
4.6 |
| FINNISH SPITZ |
138 |
331 |
17.2 |
5.7 |
18 |
22.2 |
11.1 |
| SHIBA INU |
139 |
3167 |
18.7 |
5.6 |
513 |
23.4 |
4.5 |
| TIBETAN TERRIER |
140 |
4043 |
30.7 |
5.6 |
503 |
35.4 |
4.8 |
| KERRY BLUE TERRIER |
141 |
1577 |
13.2 |
5.5 |
154 |
16.2 |
2.6 |
| HOVAWART |
142 |
148 |
25.7 |
5.4 |
37 |
32.4 |
.0 |
| BELGIAN MALINOIS |
143 |
2767 |
19.1 |
5.3 |
502 |
23.3 |
4.2 |
| NORTH AMERICAN SHEPHERD |
144 |
336 |
16.7 |
5.1 |
1 |
.0 |
.0 |
| SOFT COATED WHEATEN TERRIER |
145 |
6128 |
17.1 |
5.0 |
545 |
23.5 |
4.6 |
| RHODESIAN RIDGEBACK |
146 |
11416 |
22.3 |
4.8 |
1451 |
27.2 |
2.3 |
| IRISH WOLFHOUND |
147 |
1829 |
26.8 |
4.7 |
258 |
26.4 |
1.9 |
| SHETLAND SHEEPDOG |
148 |
20304 |
27.6 |
4.6 |
2597 |
33.0 |
2.8 |
| IRISH RED & WHITE SETTER |
149 |
250 |
33.2 |
4.4 |
78 |
41.0 |
6.4 |
| DALMATIAN |
150 |
3506 |
10.6 |
4.4 |
396 |
17.4 |
2.0 |
| FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER |
151 |
5618 |
20.0 |
4.3 |
800 |
27.3 |
2.4 |
| GERMAN SHORTHAIRED POINTER |
152 |
16026 |
26.2 |
4.1 |
1923 |
33.3 |
1.7 |
| EURASIER |
153 |
107 |
33.6 |
3.7 |
56 |
42.9 |
1.8 |
| BORDER TERRIER |
154 |
2724 |
20.8 |
3.7 |
558 |
26.2 |
3.2 |
| PARSON RUSSELL TERRIER |
155 |
110 |
24.5 |
3.6 |
17 |
29.4 |
5.9 |
| BELGIAN TERVUREN |
156 |
6006 |
26.3 |
3.5 |
703 |
33.1 |
2.6 |
| BASENJI |
157 |
2651 |
23.0 |
3.5 |
328 |
20.1 |
3.7 |
| TOY AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD |
158 |
119 |
25.2 |
3.4 |
53 |
28.3 |
5.7 |
| RAT TERRIER |
159 |
494 |
16.2 |
3.0 |
183 |
23.5 |
3.8 |
| BELGIAN SHEEPDOG |
160 |
4104 |
32.6 |
2.9 |
405 |
38.8 |
3.0 |
| COLLIE |
161 |
2973 |
30.4 |
2.8 |
264 |
37.1 |
2.7 |
| PHARAOH HOUND |
162 |
485 |
14.8 |
2.7 |
64 |
17.2 |
4.7 |
| IBIZAN HOUND |
163 |
367 |
34.6 |
2.5 |
59 |
33.9 |
1.7 |
| GREYHOUND |
164 |
351 |
35.6 |
2.3 |
13 |
38.5 |
.0 |
| CANAAN |
165 |
450 |
16.9 |
2.2 |
52 |
19.2 |
1.9 |
| AUSTRALIAN TERRIER |
166 |
186 |
5.9 |
2.2 |
17 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
| SIBERIAN HUSKY |
167 |
17656 |
33.9 |
2.0 |
1215 |
42.0 |
1.0 |
| BORZOI |
168 |
864 |
31.1 |
1.9 |
29 |
41.4 |
.0 |
| GERMAN PINSCHER |
169 |
396 |
20.5 |
1.8 |
116 |
16.4 |
4.3 |
| SALUKI |
170 |
262 |
42.4 |
1.5 |
11 |
18.2 |
.0 |
| WHIPPET |
171 |
169 |
36.7 |
1.2 |
28 |
50.0 |
.0 |
| ITALIAN GREYHOUND |
172 |
239 |
59.0 |
.0 |
53 |
60.4 |
.0 | |
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